{"id":132,"date":"2019-08-28T02:26:32","date_gmt":"2019-08-27T18:26:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.kpxxy.com\/?p=132"},"modified":"2019-08-28T02:26:32","modified_gmt":"2019-08-27T18:26:32","slug":"%e5%bc%ba%e5%8c%96%e7%89%a9-%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8%e5%a5%96%e5%8a%b1%e5%a2%9e%e5%bc%ba%e7%9b%ae%e6%a0%87%e8%a1%8c%e4%b8%ba","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.kpxxy.com\/?p=132","title":{"rendered":"\u5f3a\u5316\u7269-\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u5956\u52b1\u201d\u589e\u5f3a\u76ee\u6807\u884c\u4e3a"},"content":{"rendered":"<header class=\"entry-header\">\n<h1 class=\"entry-title\">\u5f3a\u5316\u7269-\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u5956\u52b1\u201d\u589e\u5f3a\u76ee\u6807\u884c\u4e3a<\/h1>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"entry-content\">\n<h3><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1333 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/www.autismstarparents.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/goodjob8.jpg?resize=176%2C176&amp;ssl=1\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 176px) 100vw, 176px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/www.autismstarparents.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/goodjob8.jpg?w=190&amp;ssl=1 190w, https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/www.autismstarparents.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/goodjob8.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w\" alt=\"\" width=\"176\" height=\"176\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><strong>\u201c\u5f3a\u5316\u7269\u201d\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5219\u548c\u201c\u5dee\u522b\u5f3a\u5316\u201d\u6280\u672f<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u7f16\u8bd1\uff1aShelby Xia<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u5f3a\u5316\u884c\u4e3a\u201d\u662fABA\u6559\u5b66\u4e2d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u8bf7\u8bb0\u4f4f\u662f\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff01\u8fd9\u91cc\u6240\u6307\u7684\u201c\u5f3a\u5316\u884c\u4e3a\u201d\u662f\u6307\u201c\u5bf9\u6b63\u9762\/\u76ee\u6807\u884c\u4e3a\u4e88\u4ee5\u5f3a\u5316\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u516d\u9879\u201c\u5f3a\u5316\u7269\u201d\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5219\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Reinforcing-\u5177\u5f3a\u5316\u6027<\/li>\n<li>Pairing-\u914d\u5bf9\u4ecb\u5165<\/li>\n<li>Switch it up-\u8f6c\u6362\u9009\u9879<\/li>\n<li>Contingent and Immediate-\u5373\u65f6\u8f85\u52a9<\/li>\n<li>Fading-\u9010\u6b65\u892a\u79bb<\/li>\n<li>Consistency-\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>1. \u5f3a\u5316\u7269\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u5177\u6709\u5f3a\u5316\u7684\u6027\u80fd<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u5e94\u5f53\u662f\u663e\u800c\u6613\u89c1\u7684\uff0c\u201c\u5f3a\u5316\u6027\u80fd\u201d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f\u4e00\u4ef6\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u4e00\u79cd\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u88ab\u786e\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u5f3a\u5316\u7269\u201d\uff0c\u5fc5\u5b9a\u5177\u6709\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\uff0c\u8ddf\u968f\u5b83\uff08\u201c\u5f3a\u5316\u7269\u201d\uff09\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u83b7\u5f97\u589e\u5f3a\u7684\u7279\u6027\u3002 \u201c\u5f3a\u5316\u7269\u201d\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u53ea\u662f\u201c\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u6d3b\u52a8\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u201c\u53ea\u6709\u4e0e\u76ee\u6807\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u6709\u5173\u7684\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u6d3b\u52a8\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2. \u5c06\u201c\u6f5c\u5728\u5f3a\u5316\u7269\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u5df2\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u5f3a\u5316\u7269\u201d\u914d\u5bf9<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u5305\u62ec\u5c06\u7269\u54c1\uff0c\u6d3b\u52a8\u548c\u793e\u4ea4\u6027\u7684\u8d5e\u8d4f\u4e0e\u4ee5\u524d\u5df2\u7ecf\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5f3a\u5316\u7269\u6216\u6b21\u8981\u5f3a\u5316\u7269\u505a\u51fa\u914d\u5bf9\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\u53cd\u5e94\u5b69\u5b50\u5174\u8da3\u5e76\u4e14\u5e74\u9f84\u9002\u5b9c\u7684\u7269\u54c1\u548c\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u5728\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u9644\u968f\u5728\u6559\u6388\u65b0\u6280\u80fd\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e4b\u4e2d\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u4f7f\u5b69\u5b50\u4e0e\u540c\u9f84\u4eba\u80cc\u9053\u800c\u9a70\u800c\u4e0d\u88ab\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u76ca\u5904\u3002<\/p>\n<p>3.\u201c\u5f3a\u5316\u7269\u201d\u9700\u8981\u8f6c\u6362<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u4efb\u4f55\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u201c\u5f3a\u5316\u7269\u201d\u8fbe\u5230\u9971\u548c\uff08\u63a5\u89e6\u65f6\u95f4\u592a\u4e45\u6216\u63a5\u89e6\u673a\u4f1a\u592a\u591a\uff0c\u5b69\u5b50\u5df2\u5931\u53bb\u5174\u8da3\uff09\uff0c\u5bb6\u957f\u548c\u6cbb\u7597\u5e08\u5e94\u8be5\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u53d1\u6398\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u65b0\u9879\u76ee\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u5f3a\u5316\u7269\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u65f6\u5019\u90fd\u6709\u591a\u9879\u53ef\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u201c\u5f3a\u5316\u7269\u201d\u7528\u6765\u505a\u51fa\u8f6c\u6362\u3002<\/p>\n<p>4.\u5728\u83b7\u5f97\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u786e\u53cd\u5e94\u65f6\uff0c\u5e94\u5373\u65f6\u8d4b\u4e88\u201c\u5f3a\u5316\u7269\u201d\u8f85\u52a9<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u53ca\u65f6\u8f85\u52a9\u4f18\u5148\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u7269\u4ef6\u6216\u6d3b\u52a8\uff08\u5f3a\u5316\u7269\uff09\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5efa\u7acb\u76ee\u6807\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u5f3a\u5316\u63aa\u65bd\uff08\u5f3a\u5316\u7269\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5c06\u4f1a\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u5728\u76ee\u6807\u884c\u4e3a\u4e4b\u5916\u63a5\u89e6\u201c\u5f3a\u5316\u7269\u201d\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\u201c\u5f3a\u5316\u7269\u201d\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff08\u6548\u679c\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5373\u65f6\u6559\u5bfc\u54cd\u5e94\u4e0e\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8f85\u52a9\u76f8\u5173\u6027\uff08\u5173\u7cfb\uff09\uff0c\u4f1a\u4ee4\u5b69\u5b50\u5bf9\u201c\u5177\u6709\u5f3a\u5316\u7269\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u201d\uff08\u8bbe\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff09\u4ea7\u751f\u654f\u611f\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u4e0e\u201c\u6ca1\u6709\u5f3a\u5316\u7269\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u201d\uff08\u5c1d\u8bd5\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff09\u505a\u51fa\u5206\u8fa8\u3002\u4ee5\u6b64\uff0c\u201c\u5f3a\u5316\u7269\u201d\u6700\u7ec8\u6210\u4e3a\u5851\u9020\u76ee\u6807\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u201c\u8f85\u52a9\u201d\u3002\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\uff0c\u5f3a\u5316\u7269\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u51fa\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u4ece\u201c\u7269\u4ef6\u6216\u6d3b\u52a8\u201d\u6539\u53d8\u4e3a\u201c\u7b79\u7801\/\u4ee3\u5e01\u7cfb\u7edf\u201d\uff0c\u7528\u4ee5\u5ef6\u8fdf\u5141\u8bb8\u63a5\u89e6\u6709\u5f62\u9879\u76ee\u6216\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff08\u4f7f\u7528\u7b79\u7801\/\u4ee3\u5e01\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5956\u52b1\uff0c\u5728\u83b7\u5f97\u4e00\u5b9a\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u7b79\u7801\/\u4ee3\u5e01\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u5151\u73b0\u4e8b\u5148\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u9879\u76ee\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>5.\u201c\u5f3a\u5316\u7269\u201d\u5fc5\u987b\u9010\u6e10\u892a\u51fa<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f\u6307\uff1a\u5f3a\u5316\u9891\u7387\u548c\u5f3a\u5316\u5f62\u5f0f\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\u800c\u9010\u6e10\u51cf\u5f31\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u4e0e\u81ea\u7136\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u4ee5\u81ea\u7136\u578b\u6001\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5f3a\u5316\u65f6\u95f4\u8868\u548c\u5f62\u5f0f\u8fbe\u5230\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u521a\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5f3a\u5316\u65f6\u95f4\u8868\u4e0a\u7684\u5f3a\u5316\u9891\u7387\u5e94\u8be5\u662f1\u6bd41\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff0c\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u53cd\u9988\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u65f6\u5019\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u660e\u786e\u6e05\u6670\u7684\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u201c\u4f60\u89e6\u78b0\u5230\u5c0f\u6c7d\u8f66\u4e86\uff0c\u505a\u5f97\u771f\u597d\uff01\u201d\uff09\u3002\u3002\u3002\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\uff0c\u5f3a\u5316\u7269\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u4f1a\u9010\u6e10\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u53ef\u53d8\u95f4\u9694\u65f6\u95f4\u52a0\u957f\uff08Variable interval- VI \u662f5\u5206\u949f\uff0c\u6bcf5\u5206\u949f\u53ef\u63a5\u89e6\u5f3a\u5316\u7269\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u53d8\u6bd4\u4f8b\u589e\u52a0\uff08Variable ratio-VR\u662f4-6\uff0c\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5728\u6bcf\u8fbe\u52304\u81f36\u6b21\u7684\u56de\u5e94\u65f6\uff0c\u5b66\u751f\u4f1a\u83b7\u5f97\u5f3a\u5316\u7269\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u518d\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u5355\u4e00\u578b\u5f0f\u7684\u8d5e\u7f8e\u201d\u800c\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u901a\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u56de\u5e94\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u5c06\u201c\u505a\u5f97\u771f\u597d\uff01\u201d\u53d8\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u5bf9\/\u6b63\u786e\/\u6ca1\u9519\u201d\uff09\u3002\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u8981\u8bb0\u4f4f\uff0c\u201c\u9010\u6e10\u51cf\u9000\u5f3a\u5316\u201d\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u622a\u6b62\u65e5\u671f\u524d\u8981\u505a\u5230\u7684\u53ef\u8ba1\u5212\u7ae0\u7a0b\u3002\u6bcf\u5f53\u9047\u5230\u4e0d\u6267\u884c\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u4e0d\u96c6\u4e2d\u6216\u8005\u4e0d\u6b63\u5f53\u884c\u4e3a\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u5bf9\u201c\u5f3a\u5316\u7269\u201d\u7684\u5f3a\u5316\u9891\u7387\u548c\u7c7b\u578b\u518d\u6b21\u505a\u51fa\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u505a\u51fa\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5f3a\u5316\u9891\u7387\u9700\u8981\u518d\u6b21\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f7f\u884c\u4e3a\u518d\u6b21\u53d7\u5230\u63a7\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<p>6.\u5f3a\u5316\u65f6\u95f4\u8868\/\u8ba1\u5212\u5e94\u4e00\u81f4\u9075\u5b88<\/p>\n<p>\u867d\u7136\u591a\u6570\u5f3a\u5316\u8ba1\u5212\u5728\u6cbb\u7597\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u76f8\u5bf9\u5bc6\u96c6 -\u53ea\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u5b69\u5b50\u624d\u53ef\u5b66\u4e60\u9886\u609f\u5230\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6559\u5b66\u65b9\u5f0f \u2013 \u4f46\u8fd9\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u6210\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\u3002\u5728ABA\u6cbb\u7597\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u4f7f\u521b\u9020\u6027\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u73af\u5883\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u63a5\u8fd1\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u5b69\u5b50\u66f4\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u83b7\u5f97\u6280\u80fd\u3002\u6cbb\u7597\u5e08\u548c\u5bb6\u957f\u5728\u5e94\u7528\u5f3a\u5316\u7269\u65b9\u9762\u9700\u8981\u4ee3\u5165\u73af\u5883\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u52a1\u5fc5\u9075\u5b88\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u201c\u52a0\u5f3a\u8ba1\u5212\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5b69\u5b50\u5c3d\u5feb\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u638c\u63e1\u76ee\u6807\u6280\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e94\u79cd\u7528\u4e8e\u884c\u4e3a\u52a0\u5f3a\u7684\u201c\u5dee\u522b\u5f3a\u5316\u201d\u6280\u672f\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>DRH\uff0cDRL\uff0cDRO\uff0c DRA\uff0cDRI<\/p>\n<p>Differential reinforcement \u2013 \u201c\u5dee\u522b\u5f3a\u5316\u201d\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u662f\uff1a\u5728\u53cd\u5e94\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5e94\u4f7f\u7528\u5f3a\u5316\u7269\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5f3a\u5316\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u5f3a\u5316\u3002 \u201c\u5dee\u522b\u5f3a\u5316\u201d\u5206\u4e3a\u4e94\u4e2a\u7c7b\u522b\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>1. \u9ad8\u9891\u7387\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5dee\u522b\u5f3a\u5316<strong><em><u>Differential Reinforcement of Higher Rates of Behavior (DRH)<\/u><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5e72\u9884\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f53\u6b63\u9762\u884c\u4e3a\u4ee5\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u524d\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u6bd4\u7387\u53d1\u751f\u65f6\uff0c\u7ed9\u4e88\u5f3a\u5316\u7269\u3002 \u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u5e72\u9884\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u589e\u52a0\u671f\u5f85\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5e76\u7c4d\u6b64\u51cf\u5c11\u4e0d\u9002\u5f53\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u53ef\u7528\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<strong><em>\u00a0\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>2. \u4f4e\u9891\u7387\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5dee\u522b\u5f3a\u5316<strong><em><u>Differential Reinforcement of Lower Rates of Behavior (DRL)<\/u><\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5e72\u9884\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f53\u8d1f\u9762\u884c\u4e3a\u4ee5\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u524d\u66f4\u4f4e\u7684\u6bd4\u7387\u53d1\u751f\u65f6\uff0c\u7ed9\u4e88\u5f3a\u5316\u7269\u3002 \u8fd9\u79cd\u5e72\u9884\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u964d\u4f4e\u4e0d\u5f53\u884c\u4e3a\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u6bd4\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<p>3. \u5176\u4ed6\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5dee\u522b\u5f3a\u5316<strong><em><u>Differential Reinforcement of Other Behavior (DRO)<\/u><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5e72\u9884\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u4e0d\u5f53\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0d\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u76ee\u6807\u8d1f\u9762\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c31\u7ed9\u4e88\u5f3a\u5316\u7269\u3002 \u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u51cf\u5c11\u4e0d\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>4. \u66ff\u4ee3\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5dee\u522b\u5f3a\u5316<strong><em><u>Differential Reinforcement of Alternative Behavior (DRA)<\/u><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5e72\u9884\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f53\u5b69\u5b50\u4f7f\u7528\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u4e3a\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u65f6\uff0c\u7ed9\u4e88\u5f3a\u5316\u7269\u3002 \u8fd9\u79cd\u5e72\u9884\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u589e\u52a0\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u51cf\u5c11\u4e0d\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002 \u529f\u80fd\u6027\u6c9f\u901a\u57f9\u8bad\uff08Functional Communication Training \u2013 FCT\uff09\u662fDRA\u5e72\u9884\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u3002 DRA\u5e72\u9884\u63aa\u65bd\u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u6559\u5bfc\u4f7f\u7528\u66ff\u4ee3\u884c\u4e3a\u6765\u53d6\u4ee3\u5177\u6709\u6311\u6218\u6027\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u5728\u6b64\u6587\u540e\u534a\u90e8\u5206\u5bf9DRA\u505a\u4e13\u95e8\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u63a2\u8ba8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>5. \u4e0d\u76f8\u5bb9\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5dee\u522b\u5f3a\u5316<strong><em><u>Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible Behavior (DRI)<\/u><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5e72\u9884\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f53\u5b69\u5b50\u4f7f\u7528\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u65f6\uff0c\u7ed9\u4e88\u5f3a\u5316\u7269\u3002 \u8fd9\u79cd\u5e72\u9884\u4e0eDRA\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u65b0\u7684\u53d6\u4ee3\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u4e0d\u5f53\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0d\u517c\u5bb9\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b66\u751f\u8dd1\u6765\u8dd1\u53bb\u4e0d\u80af\u597d\u597d\u5c31\u5750\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u4f1a\u5728\u4ed6\/\u5979\u5750\u597d\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u7ed9\u4e88\u5f3a\u5316\u7269\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u201c \u5750\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u8dd1\u201c\u4e0d\u517c\u5bb9\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e24\u8005\u4e0d\u80fd\u540c\u65f6\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u201c\u5750\u201d\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u201c\u8dd1\u201d\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u51cf\u5c11\u3002<br \/>\n<strong><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>DRA: Differential Reinforcement of Alternative Behavior<\/h3>\n<p><strong>DRA<\/strong><strong>\uff1a\u66ff\u4ee3\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5dee\u522b\u5f3a\u5316<\/strong><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>DRA\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u76f8\u5f53\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5e72\u9884\u6280\u672f\uff08\u5b83\u662f\u7efc\u5408\u884c\u4e3a\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u90e8\u5206\uff09\uff0c\u7528\u4ee5\u4ecb\u5165\u6781\u5177\u6311\u6218\u6027\u7684\u4fb5\u7565\u7834\u574f\uff0c\u81ea\u6211\u523a\u6fc0\uff0c\u987d\u56fa\u6216\u8005\u53d1\u813e\u6c14\u7b49\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u901a\u5e38DRA\u90fd\u4f1a\u4e0e\u201c<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.iloveaba.com\/2011\/12\/extinction-procedures.html\">Extinction<\/a>\u2013 \u675c\u7edd\u5f3a\u5316\u201d\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002 \u4efb\u4f55\u60f3\u51cf\u5c11\u6216\u6d88\u9664\u95ee\u9898\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u5bf9DRA\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\u4e2d\u83b7\u76ca\u3002<\/p>\n<p>DRA\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a\u52a0\u5f3a\u66ff\u4ee3\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5b8c\u5168\u62d2\u7edd\u7ed9\u4e88\u5f3a\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u513f\u7ae5A\u6709\u5c06\u975e\u98df\u7528\u54c1\uff08\u73a9\u5177\uff0c\u94b1\u5e01\uff0c\u624b\u6307\u7b49\uff09\u653e\u5165\u53e3\u4e2d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u611f\u5b98\u523a\u6fc0\u3002 \u90a3\u4e48\u5f53A\u6bcf\u6b21\u8bd5\u56fe\u5c06\u975e\u98df\u54c1\u653e\u5728\u4ed6\/\u5979\u7684\u5634\u91cc\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u963b\u6b62\u4ed6\/\u5979\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5e76\u6307\u793a\u4ed6\/\u5979\u4f7f\u7528\u53ef\u83b7\u5f97\u5480\u56bc\u611f\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u5480\u56bc\u73a9\u5177\u3002 \u5f53A\u628a\u5480\u56bc\u73a9\u5177\u653e\u5728\u5634\u91cc\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u4f1a\u7ed9\u4ed6\/\u5979\u8d5e\u8bb8\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u513f\u7ae5B\u4e0d\u80af\u5728\u8bfe\u684c\u524d\u5750\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u4ee5\u9003\u907f\u8981\u6c42\u3002 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